racism under fire and new racisms in the post colonial era
“Racism Under Fire and New Racisms in the Post-colonial Era” will examine 20th century challenges to the biologically based racism of European empires and Nazi Germany and the emergence of “New Racisms†in the era of political decolonization, when almost all of the former territories of European, American, and Japanese empires achieved some measure of political independence, even if economic self-determination remained out of reach for many.